Bill C-12 and the Start-Up Visa Program: New Government Powers Over Immigration Applications Explained

• As of March 26, 2026, Bill C-12 is now law, giving IRCC new authority over immigration documents and applications.
• The risk to Start-Up Visa applications is real. The program carries a documented backlog and recognized fraud concerns — two of the conditions the new powers target.
• The most exposed applications are those tied to suspended designated organizations, those with no business progress, and work permit holders who are not in Canada building their businesses.
• Open work permit holders can take on Canadian employment alongside their business operations. Use this flexibility to stay financially stable while prioritizing business growth.
• Applicants who missed the December 2025 work permit deadline should explore the C11 or C10 permit as an alternative route to Canada.
• Pursue parallel pathways to permanent residence — PNP entrepreneur streams and Express Entry options — rather than relying on the SUV process alone.

On March 26, 2026, Bill C-12 — the Strengthening Canada’s Immigration System and Borders Act — received royal assent and became law. Among several changes to the immigration system, the section on immigration documents and application authorities is the one every Bill C-12 Start-Up Visa applicant needs to understand.

For the first time, the federal government has expressed legal authority to cancel, suspend, or pause processing of immigration documents and applications — on a group basis — when it determines doing so is in the public interest. Fraud, administrative errors, and public health, safety, or national security concerns are all listed as grounds.

If you have a pending Start-Up Visa application, this article explains what the law allows, which applications face the greatest exposure, and the concrete steps you should be taking today.

The authorities introduced by Bill C-12 allow the Government of Canada to take the following actions when the Canadian Cabinet determines they serve the public interest:

• Cancel, suspend, or change a large group of immigration documents — including work permits and study permits
• Pause the intake of new applications for a program
• Cancel or suspend the processing of applications already in the queue

Grounds for invoking these powers include fraud, administrative errors, and concerns for public health, safety, or national security. Several of these have surfaced in public discussions about the SUV program.

The procedural requirements are meaningful: each use of these new powers requires a formal order in council approved by the Cabinet, published in the Canada Gazette, and reported to Parliament. No single minister can act unilaterally. These safeguards are intended to govern process and transparency.

This bill also specifies one important boundary: these authorities do not allow the government to grant or revoke permanent resident or temporary resident status. Pending permanent residence applications, however — including Start-Up Visa applications — fall within scope.

The SUV program has faced two converging problems for years: volume and integrity. In terms of volume, the program attracted far more applications than the system was designed to process. At current processing speeds, the backlog is measured in decades, not years. On integrity, IRCC has acknowledged that some designated organizations issued commitment letters with limited vetting, and that a portion of applicants had no genuine intent to build a business in Canada.

These are precisely the conditions the Bill C-12 Start-Up Visa powers were designed to address. Fraud and administrative concerns are listed as grounds for action. A program with a multi-decade backlog and recognized integrity issues is a strong candidate for intervention.

IRCC has already signalled its intent to restructure the program. In December 2025, it paused new SUV applications and suspended the optional work permit for most applicants. A new entrepreneurial pilot is expected in 2026. Whether the government uses the new Bill C-12 powers to accelerate clearing of the existing backlog remains to be seen — but the legal authority is now in place.

No announcement has been made specifically targeting SUV applications. Based on the program’s known issues and IRCC’s existing scrutiny patterns, three categories carry the greatest exposure.

Business progress is the most powerful evidence available to any Start-Up Visa applicant. IRCC audits look for evidence that the business is real and moving forward. If you have not reached a minimum viable product (MVP), make that your immediate priority. Getting your product or service to market — even at an early stage — is the most compelling evidence of genuine intent.

Document everything: meetings with your designated organization, product development milestones, outreach to customers or partners, incorporation steps, bank accounts, revenue, however modest, hiring, and any regulatory steps taken. Keep records in a format producible to IRCC on short notice. Consistent records — dated emails, meeting notes, financial receipts — carry more weight than reconstructed summaries.

If you hold an SUV work permit, come to Canada and build. Physical presence here, actively working on your business, is substantive evidence that cannot be replicated from abroad. An extended absence is a gap in your file.

Open work permit holders have an additional advantage that is worth using deliberately. You are not restricted to your start-up. You can take on employment with Canadian employers alongside your business operations. This flexibility matters: employment income provides financial stability while your business grows, and active participation in the Canadian labour market — alongside documented business-building — strengthens the overall picture of genuine integration. Business progress remains the primary measure of your SUV eligibility, but Canadian employment adds a meaningful additional dimension to your file, and may open up alternative pathways to permanent residence as well.

As of December 19, 2025, IRCC stopped accepting new SUV work permit applications for most applicants. If you missed that window and do not have a work permit, you are not without options to get to Canada and continue building your business.

Two alternative pathways deserve serious consideration:

• C11 Work Permit (Significant Benefit): This closed work permit is available to entrepreneurs who are majority shareholders in their business, whose work in Canada provides a significant economic, social, or cultural benefit. For SUV applicants with a viable business, this is the most directly relevant alternative. The application requires clear evidence of the business, its stage of development, and the benefit it will deliver to Canada. In our experience, well-prepared C11 applications can be an effective route to Canada for start-up founders.
• C10 Work Permit (Significant Benefit): a similar work permit option for minority shareholders with less than 51% shares in their business who are actively involved in and need to be present in Canada for their business growth and progress.

Neither pathway is automatic. Both require a thoughtfully prepared application that clearly makes the benefit argument. But either can get you to Canada lawfully so you can continue building, which is exactly what your SUV file needs you to be doing.

Some SUV applicants have faced repeated work permit refusals. This is a difficult position, but it is not necessarily fatal to your overall case — provided you have documented every reasonable step you have taken to secure lawful status.

IRCC will review your immigration history. An applicant who has been refused and has simply halted their business or their immigration efforts without further action is in a different position from one who has pursued every available avenue systematically. Your file should reflect the following, where applicable:

• Formal reconsideration requests submitted after each refusal, with written grounds addressing the officer’s specific concerns
• Resubmissions with enhanced documentation responding directly to each refusal reason
• Federal Court applications for judicial review where the refusal raised arguable legal or procedural issues
• Any changes in circumstances that informed subsequent attempts — new business milestones, updated documentation, independent legal opinion
• Apply for alternatives like the C11 or C10 closed work permits

The objective is to demonstrate that your inability to come to Canada was not for lack of effort or commitment. Rather, you have taken every step reasonably available in your circumstances to come to Canada and fulfill your commitments under the Start-Up Visa program. A well-documented history of persistent, good-faith attempts to obtain lawful status is a meaningful distinction from passive inaction. Consult with a licensed immigration lawyer before filing any further applications or judicial review proceedings.

Provincial Nominee Programs for Entrepreneurs

Several provinces offer dedicated entrepreneur PNP streams that lead to permanent residence independently of the federal SUV process. These programs assess applicants on business plans, investment, net worth, and job creation — criteria that a genuine start-up founder should be able to meet. Key streams across Canada are summarized below.